The Nielsen Company Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market

Official Summary This examination gives an investigation of Nielsen Company as for issues the organization faces in the market. The investigation starts by introducing a concise outline of the organization. The survey has demonstrated that the organization has been in the market over an extensive stretch, an angle that has fundamentally helped it in making serious advantage.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on The Nielsen Company: Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The investigation at that point gives an away from of the issue; which is undesirable rivalry, which has contrarily influenced Nielsen in its push to boost its benefits. Undesirable rivalry has additionally prompted a staggering fall in costs. This has prompted the requirement for assessment of the current writing and afterward the potential answers for this issue. At last, a few proposals have been proposed. Organization foundati on: Overview Nielsen Company is one of the best organizations on the planet. Having been set up in 1923 by Arthur Nielsen, as of now, the association has expanded its activities over the world. Nielsen was one of the originators of the cutting edge showcasing research industry. Also, Nielson assumed a noteworthy job in promoting research, through creation a few developments in the greater part of the shopper centered advertising media research. Nielsen is additionally liable for making of one of a kind techniques for estimations that furnished customers with intense and target data about the effects of promoting and deals programs on particular returns and benefits (Nielson Par 3). Nielson invested energy in explanation of the idea of piece of the pie and its significance in deciding corporate execution. In current business world, the market is portrayed by an exceptionally elevated level of rivalry among the contenders. This is all the more so for the worldwide market where purchas ers are interconnected with expanded access to volumes of advanced data. Nielson Company utilizes a confounded arrangement of information assortment approachs and estimations trying to use new and customary information data into buyer insight. Through its administrations, the organization has helped different associations in the board of their individual brands, propelling and encouraging the development of new items in the market, just as enhancing on the important media blend. Therefore, the organization has helped various organizations around the globe in building up an important client relationship all around. Nielsen opened its first universal office in the United Kingdom in 1939, not long after the starting World War II. Afterward, the organization proceeded with development of its administrations to different zones on the planet. For example, it stretched out its activities to Australia, Japan, and Western Europe.Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial as pects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In these phases of early turn of events, the organization utilized the blending framework so as to embrace quick in its new market. For example, the organization expanded its quality in Asia Pacific by accomplishing power over the Survey Research Group. The organization likewise obtained AMER World Research Group in the Middle East and Africa in late 1990s, which prompted development of the organization in these areas. In the year 2001, Nielson made an incredible accomplishment when it turned into a piece of VNU. Nielson offers top notch showcase data assembled from different spots from a wide scope of spots gathered in the most effective manner. It likewise offers propelled the board instruments, just as advanced expository frameworks. What's more, the organization gives separate doable strategies in exertion to help their customers in recognizable proof of the best ways of developmen t. The organization is likewise dedicated in giving the best administrations in an expert path to its customers with an end goal to expand their fulfillment by helping them meet their objectives. By and large, Nielson Company works intimately with its customers in estimating their market execution so as to have the option to make proper strides. The organization additionally helps associations in breaking down their market elements. This is another significant assistance that Nielsen Company offers to its customers, which is of incredible hugeness as it helps an association in settling on basic choices. Another assistance offered by the organization is diagnosing and taking care of showcasing and deals issues. This administration has pulled in a critical number of the customers as each organization endeavors to boost its deals. At last, the organization helps their customers in catching new chances, which is the fundamental factor that decides the company’s achievement. For t his situation, the organization assumes a vital job to numerous associations in helping them to decide right arrangement of data. Nielson Company has been driving in estimation and data in the statistical surveying for a long time. This data has been vital to numerous associations in their endeavor to comprehend their customers. The organization has given advancement the first position in quite a while activities. This has fundamentally helped the associations in keeping up pace with the developing business sector patterns. Subsequent to having been in the market for a long time, the organization has figured out how to think of fundamental data in recognizing of what shoppers watch and purchase by growing clear bits of knowledge on buyer conduct. These top characteristics have essentially added to the notoriety of the association everywhere throughout the world. Issue Statement In the advanced business world, the market has gotten exceptionally serious. This has been portrayed by ex panded pace of passage of new players in the market with a practically consistent degree of clients. The market has likewise gotten advanced with the globalization process.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on The Nielsen Company: Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In request to get by in such a business world, each organization needs to utilize vital measures so as to hold its relative bit of leeway. This is one of the serious issues confronting Nielsen Company in its endeavors to augment its benefits. The organization is occupied with showcase activities that are described by an extremely elevated level of rivalry. This unfortunate rivalry has prompted value wars, which have adversely influenced the company’s execution. It has prompted a generous decrease in the degree of the company’s returns. For example, benefits have tumbled to practically unreasonable levels because of r ivalry among the opponent organizations. Each organization attempts to under value its rivals so as to win clients, and all the while, the costs fall far beneath the ideal levels. Given these economic situations, the significant test is winning and holding clients into an association. This turns out to be exceptionally basic. This is one of the serious issues confronting the Nielson Company. Notwithstanding its great execution over the past, the organization has been looked by various issues, compromising the general execution of the association in both the short and the since quite a while ago run. Writing Review Through the procedure of globalization, the contemporary market has gotten advanced. The market has been described by an elevated level of rivalry, which has contrarily influenced the associations in question. The fundamental effect of this opposition to these associations is value wars. In this examination, value war is viewed as the market circumstance where the fundamen tal contenders focus at lessening their competitors’ pieces of the pie by logically diminishing their costs. As indicated by Bungert, value wars ought to be ended before arriving at destroying levels (2). This is on the grounds that ingenuity of such a circumstance will prompt a total fall of a portion of these. This can be accomplished through contacts between the contenders. In any case, this turns out to be too confounded particularly when there are numerous players in the market. Another test is that numerous organizations will be hesitant to give their data about their techniques. This suggests in breaking down such an issue, data on such sort of information might be assessed. In this manner, finding the answer for these issues will be entangled. Over the past, Nielsen has experienced exceptional rivalry in its market arrange, a circumstance that has compromised its presentation in the market. For example, extreme rivalry has as often as possible prompted delayed valuing wars between the organization and other statistical surveying rivals like Information Resources, Inc. (IRI) (Nielson Par 5). A genuine model is the grocery store scanner data segment, which had a huge negative effect on Nielsen Company in 1990s. This influenced the company’s execution in both the short run and long run.Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As effectively noted, one of the fundamental issue of undesirable rivalry is the evaluating wars. At the point when numerous players goes into the market while the quantity of purchasers stays consistent, this prompts a significant level of rivalry as every player attempt to win more clients in the market (Bungert 2). The main motto for this situation turns into the cost. For this situation, each organization will focus on out-evaluating its rivals. Thusly, this prompts fall in costs up to unreasonable levels and undermines the presentation of Nielsen’s organization. Because of fall in costs, the company’s absolute returns will naturally fall. Then, the organization will be compelled to build its costs on advancement so as to hold or win more clients in progressively serious market. This will expand general costs or operational expenses. Then again, the complete revenu

Why Wait for Tomorrow Why Not Now Free Essays

This article â€Å"More Testing More Learning† is composed by Patrick O’ Malley. In this article O’ Malley is discussing how to make an understudies learning more effectively than it is. The word all the more testing and all the more learning imply that in the event that we test increasingly, at that point it makes simpler for us to learn and see more. We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Wait for Tomorrow? Why Not Now? or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now In this section Patrick says that understudies today are so languid to concentrate on schedule, they possibly study when their midterms or finals are close, which gets them stressed over their examinations. He said that in the event that one understudy have C in his midterm, at that point he imagines that last is the main possibility for him to get past his group or it could break him and he could flung in it. O’ Malley has given astonishing proposals in this article which could improve students’ scholarly and will be useful for him to learn better. O’ Malley has a solid point, that if instructors could give more in class tests or tests after each part or toward the finish of each section, at that point it would be useful for its understudy and will improve in understudies instructive information. It’s genuine that training has consistently had a significant influence in our lives, yet concentrating without seeing ever causes one in its expert life. We have seen a ton of understudies including myself like to contemplate a night prior to our tests, which could give us a consequence of a disappointment. Our outcomes depend on our learning power, and on the off chance that our learning power is lesser, at that point the course material then it will cause us to feel as though we are in a tough situation. The issue isn't that we are in a difficult situation of bombing the course or getting dropped from class since we can’t make it, however the issue is that our instructors ought to empower us and make our course simpler for us to comprehend. In what manner can an instructor do that? As O’ Malley said by give student’s in-class tests, tests after each section or part of study, and offer assignments to do, with the goal that the two of them realize how powerless understudy is specifically subject. Taking these kinds of tests all the more much of the time will urge understudy to change its propensity, and build up its learning aptitudes. At the other hand according to the contention goes on between educators that a regular test appears to make more issues, thusly there are numerous other exchange situations to accomplish similar standards. Initial one is to present a program which will chip away at improving understudies study abilities. While this program should show an understudy how to be set up for tests, in addition this may won’t be useful in disposing of that stress and tension, however it will get past them. The subsequent situation is to give them in class inquiries to do. These inquiries will assist them with taking a shot at their planning. Like for a model, if instructor is clarifying a section on in present class and pose them a few inquiries about that specific part so as to do an amendment in next class will help them improving their planning for comprehension and retaining the course material for a major test. Presently the third and last situation is about how to help understudy in planning of their midterm and last, most important tests. Before the two tests instructor ought to give understudies a type of an estimate paper. Like giving a few inquiries and thought of what is coming in test and where it is coming from, with the goal that it will be simpler for an understudy to learn, in light of the fact that they recognize what is coming test and from where. Additional testing causes us to find out additional. Everybody has their own specific manners to learn, some do it simultaneously on same day and some postpone them until their tests. In the event that I would need to contrast myself with this article I would more probable say that I come in understudies who holds up until their tests are close. I have consistently concurred with the possibility that if educator will make learning simpler for us by giving us in class tests, tests, by posing a few inquiries on a day or two ago of class to see that if understudy recalls what they realize in past class, or by instructor giving an example test or they mention to us what is coming in test and what isn't. These all thoughts make it simpler for me it has consistently worked. I despite everything do have some educator in present and past classes who consistently made it simple for me like my introduction to business and music class instructors in last semester, and English and PC data instructor in present semester. At long last I might want to state that educators do help, they generally do, however it relies upon us how regularly we comprehend and realize what is best for us to improve our aptitudes. Like I said before that the facts confirm that instruction is assuming a significant job in our life, yet what’s the utilization of that sort of training where we simply figure out how to dispose of it. As a vital saying by an individual to individual â€Å"Study what you like, study what you are acceptable at, however concentrate by understanding it not by disposing of it†. How to refer to Why Wait for Tomorrow? Why Not Now?, Papers

Regular Action Update

Regular Action Update Here are some updates from the Admissions Office Applications: We have received 18,064 total applications, a 1% increase over last year. Your updates: Weve been getting email updates from some of you about new awards, achievements, etc. However, we would prefer if you would instead include these updates in your Midyear Report. The MIT Midyear Report is an online form that is required of all students, and is to be completed by you, the applicant. The Report serves two purposes: to provide your updated grades since you have applied, and to mention other updates since you submitted your application. You should submit this form as soon as your midyear grades are available or by February 15th, whichever is earlier. Application tracking: The Records Office is still processing application components, especially documents that were mailed (as opposed to faxed or sent via Docufide/Naviance), and especially mailed Secondary School Reports and Transcripts. Please be patient. If the tracking system isnt showing a document yet, relax and wait just a little while longer if we dont have it at that point, youll get an email, and Ill post another entry so you can have any missing materials sent to us. But at this point, were only reading complete applications, and we wont start admitting anyone until all of the applications have been read. So dont worry. At this time, do not send a second copy of something that you have already sent. Odds are, we have your original and have not processed it yet. Sending additional copies will only slow down processing. If we need another copy of a missing document, we will let you know, and you will not be penalized in any way. At this time, please do not call or email to inquire about missing documents. The MyMIT tracking is up-to-date with what has been processed. If you were to call, basically all we could do is tell you that MyMIT is up-to-date and to be patient as we process thousands of documents. By not calling or emailing about this at this time, we are better able to serve the problems that we can do something about. We expect to be fully caught up with the mail by next week. Once we are fully caught up, those students who are still missing application pieces will get an email and an opportunity to send in the missing pieces. These applicants will be at no disadvantage; we do not assign blame on why we dont have it. We will wait a while longer before having it evaluated to give you time to send along another copy. Your complete application will be considered for Regular Action. Decisions: We have not yet determined on what date we will release Regular Action decisions. It will likely be sometime in mid-March, but you should wait for an official announcement from our office. We have not yet determined when the announcement will be made; it usually is about a week before decisions are released.

Regular Action Update

Regular Action Update Here are some updates from the Admissions Office Applications: We have received 18,064 total applications, a 1% increase over last year. Your updates: Weve been getting email updates from some of you about new awards, achievements, etc. However, we would prefer if you would instead include these updates in your Midyear Report. The MIT Midyear Report is an online form that is required of all students, and is to be completed by you, the applicant. The Report serves two purposes: to provide your updated grades since you have applied, and to mention other updates since you submitted your application. You should submit this form as soon as your midyear grades are available or by February 15th, whichever is earlier. Application tracking: The Records Office is still processing application components, especially documents that were mailed (as opposed to faxed or sent via Docufide/Naviance), and especially mailed Secondary School Reports and Transcripts. Please be patient. If the tracking system isnt showing a document yet, relax and wait just a little while longer if we dont have it at that point, youll get an email, and Ill post another entry so you can have any missing materials sent to us. But at this point, were only reading complete applications, and we wont start admitting anyone until all of the applications have been read. So dont worry. At this time, do not send a second copy of something that you have already sent. Odds are, we have your original and have not processed it yet. Sending additional copies will only slow down processing. If we need another copy of a missing document, we will let you know, and you will not be penalized in any way. At this time, please do not call or email to inquire about missing documents. The MyMIT tracking is up-to-date with what has been processed. If you were to call, basically all we could do is tell you that MyMIT is up-to-date and to be patient as we process thousands of documents. By not calling or emailing about this at this time, we are better able to serve the problems that we can do something about. We expect to be fully caught up with the mail by next week. Once we are fully caught up, those students who are still missing application pieces will get an email and an opportunity to send in the missing pieces. These applicants will be at no disadvantage; we do not assign blame on why we dont have it. We will wait a while longer before having it evaluated to give you time to send along another copy. Your complete application will be considered for Regular Action. Decisions: We have not yet determined on what date we will release Regular Action decisions. It will likely be sometime in mid-March, but you should wait for an official announcement from our office. We have not yet determined when the announcement will be made; it usually is about a week before decisions are released.

Louisiana Public Schools Essay - 661 Words

For the public schools of Louisiana and across the United States I would propose the expansion of healthcare services provided by the school, an increase in after school and community programs, and the use of a comprehensive curriculum. I would also suggest a decreased emphasis on testing and test results as they apply to school accountability. It is suggested by data from NAEP testing that school absences is one of the factors that has a negative impact on student learning and therefore on overall grade point average and test scores. In a table that shows the coloration of school days missed with the percent of student with a 3.0 of higher grade point average, in the Sioux Falls school district in South Dakota, data suggests that as†¦show more content†¦An increase in healthcare programs provided by schools or by local community centers for children living in impoverished areas could lead to a decrease in absences, and in effect an increase in learning for those students. T he research we have looked at in class, from NAEP and other resources, has suggested that only a limited time of a person’s life is spent in school. We have also learned that education does not come just from school but also from parents and other life experiences. Therefore, I would propose that Louisiana and other states provide more afterschool programs, through community centers or other facilities, that help to enrich education, help to provide positive environments in which children can interact, and provide classes of interest that may not normally be found in most schools. These facilities could also provide tutoring and programs that help integrate the Arts more into education. Student mobility is also a problem facing our school system. Once again, from research we have looked at in class, and from a study I looked at done primarily at the University of Washington on â€Å"Longitudinal Effects of Student Mobility on Three Dimensions of Elementary School Engagement, † it is suggested that students mobility and other factors that arise from it such as stress leaded to a decrease in a student’s ability to learn. In class we alsoShow MoreRelatedLegislative History Of Parental Right911 Words   |  4 Pages First, the liberty of parents to direct the upbringing, education, and care of their children is a fundamental right. Second, the parental right to direct education includes the right to choose public, private, religious, or home schools, and the right to make reasonable choices within public schools for one’s child. Third, neither the United States nor any state government shall infringe these rights without demonstrating that its governmental interest, as applied to the person, is of the highestRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesnation. People today might say that private schools are superior to public schools, saying that they are safer and a better environment to learn in. Some might sa y that a private school is a way of sheltering your child and not letting them experience opportunities and face many problems to learn from. There are many positives and negatives to both sides; it mainly depends on whom you are talking to. Some parents might want their child to go to a private school because the class size is smaller and thatRead MoreStand Up For Those Who Can Not2465 Words   |  10 Pageswithin this world? Could the deaf suddenly hear victory ringing around them? 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Jindal has proposed (according to the National Review, a conservative publication) that there should be a huge expansion of the voucher program (Brennan, 2012). Voucher programs pay tuition for students attending private schools which of course take students away from public schools. In Louisiana there are about 400,000 students (about half of Louisianas public-school population) eligible for vouchers because their schools receive bad gradesRead MorePolitical Culture And Higher Education Regimes1738 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrated their power by electing to ban â€Å"bilingual education, excluded illegal alien children from public schools, and impose three-strike penalties for felony crimes† (Kleinman and Gittell in Brown, 2010, pp. 715). Voters in California also elected to eliminate affirmative action in California instituti ons, designate 40 percent of state budget funds to K-14 schools, and proved that public satisfaction is essential. A large part of the state’s regime is the governor. For those who are interested

Prostitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion,...

In 1955 Rosa Parks sat in a white mans seat on a bus and refused to get up when asked too, saying NO, I will not, to the demands of the white authoritarian mans society. This attitude is the same attitude that the greater world population needs to have towards the degrading act of selling ones body for money. 70 out of the 196 countries in the world (Meltzer) that have legalized the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment (Merriam-Webster.com), and before this number can get any larger, someone needs to listen to the thousands of voices that are saying â€Å"no† to prostitution. There are an unimaginably vast number of issues this profession which don’t just include the rights of male and female sex†¦show more content†¦Therefore, sex slaves are victims, and have the right to escape the captivity of prostitution by guaranteeing that nobody else can be forced into the industry, legal or illegal. At first glance, the idea of selling a male or female body for sex seems to be a horrendous crime, and when one looks closer, it’s undoubtedly evident that prostitution is a horrendous crime. This is not just because of the obvious unethical reasons of producing sexual pleasure for a indiscriminate John, but also for the question of rape as a side effect of illegal prostitution. The majority of the world would say that rape is far worse than prostitution due the non consensual factor, but they are wrong. In many situations, prostitution is rape, and considering what sex workers have to endure in this line of work, it might as well be emotionally rape. Sex workers are only soliciting what seems to be consensual sexual activity because they have been forced into the profession. Either they have to produce and ends to a means, to provide for themselves or their families, or they have been forced or coerced against their will by a deceptive and seemingly caring boyfriend or girlfriend who then turns into th eir pimp. They are victims of abuses, violent and heartbreaking abuse, as: â€Å"90 percent of prostituted women have been physically

Diversity of Online Communities Essay - 1180 Words

Diversity of Online Communities The article in U.S. News World Report called Go Play-On the Web represents a community of virtual gamers on the Internet. These games are a lot more complex than the online gaming of the past. When these people that belong to this particular community log on to the net they are interacting with each other in huge 3-D virtual worlds. Some of these games focus on a particular subject like playing virtual game shows with others on the net. Some of the new games that are just recently being released are far more complex. One of these new more complex games is called Motor City Online. Motor City Online is a game where people buy old muscle cars and customize them to their own personal specifications.†¦show more content†¦Im not sure why I prefer gaming to other communities. There are a lot of other things to do on the Internet that can be a lot more productive than gaming. I guess so far I only see the Internet as a place to entertain myself. Online gaming is just a form of ent ertainment there are literally thousands of other types of online communities. Howard Reingold speaks of a very different community that you can find online in his article, The Heart of the WELL. In this article Reingold describes an online community called WELL which stands for Whole Earth Lectronic Link. The WELL is a circle of people that have come together on the Internet and have discussions on a wide range of real world topics. More importantly the people that come together on the WELL do all that they can to help each other in the real world even though the majority of the WELLs members have never actually seen each other face to face. For example one night Reingolds two-year-old daughter had a tick on her; neither him nor his wife knew how to remove the tick. It was too late to get a hold of any doctor for advice so Reingold logged on to the WELL. Reingold was able to find a doctor that was online. This doctor was able to tell him exactly how to remove the tick. If Reingold hadnt known about the WELL he probably would have had to wait till the next morning to find someone who could inform him on how he should go about removing the tick. Another good example of howShow MoreRelatedGlobal Female Poverty and Sustainability Efforts1529 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking gender and diversity a big part of sustainability. Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Anon., n.d.). In poverty situations, people do not look at the needs of future generations. They are busy trying to meet needs for today. By companies working to reduce poverty in the sustainable efforts, they are including diversity and gender in the sustainability plan. 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Racism generates tensions within school communitie s, which misleads cultural understanding and restricts the educational experience of all students. In the Survey conducted of 40 year 11 and female students, peers who have experienced discrimination, had negative effects such as reduced self-confidenceRead More Explosion of Interest Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesExplosion of Interest A community can be defined in many ways. The most basic definition is a group of people sharing common interests, thoughts, beliefs, or values. Todays fastest growing and most diverse communities are those experienced through the Internet. In the article Everyones a Critic, Richard Lacayo describes the many communities where people can express their feelings on books, movies, music, and restaurants. His representation of online communities can be shared with that of AmyRead MoreDiversity Report On Northwell Health1502 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity Report on Northwell Health I. 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Background Founded in 1902, Target has beenRead MoreGraduation Speech : School Save Money Buying The Online Textbook Rather Than Buying Paperback Textbooks Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdepending on the situation in which one is placed, such as location and the diversity in the surrounding areas, as well as the resources that are available to them, namely technology and the internet. Due to technology, students can access books, use calculators, get immediate access to information, turn in homework and teachers can assign homework out through websites and blogs—even through twitter. Schools save money buying the online textbook rather than buying paperback textbooks for the entire school

Cell phones in school free essay sample

I think students should be able to have the ability to have a phone present with them at all times even at school. There could be an emergency and the child might be far away from a phone when they need medical attention right away. Some medical emergencies include choking, seizures or children with broken bones at school. Emergencies can also happen with the teacher. The teacher could be in need of medical attention. A teacher could have a heart attach or a Stroke. Things could append on the bus to school or even on a field trip. Cell phones could come in handy during medicinal emergencies. Such non- emergencies could include kidnappings and school shootings. Students could call the police when these things happen. When people get hurt during a natural disaster, like tornados or hurricanes the phone could help them if they are stuck and cant get out. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell phones in school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order for a student to use a phone in the school, there should be guidelines for phone use. An agreement paper should be signed by the parents, the student and the teacher all saying that they agree to the guidelines of phone use in the class. Guidelines should be made. The phones should only be used for situations only and should not be used in class time. Students in school should have the use of cellular devices on school property for the potential use for emergencies. This is why schools should allow cellular devices in the school. Think students should be able to have the ability to have a phone present tit them at all times even at school. There could be an emergency and the child might be far away from a phone when they need medical attention right away. Some medical emergencies include choking, seizures or children with broken bones at school. Emergencies can also happen with the teacher. The teacher could be in need of medical attention. A teacher could have a heart attach or a Stroke. Things could happen on the bus to school or even on a field trip. The school.

Windemere Road free essay sample

Thirty-twoWindemere Road, Upper Montclair, New Jersey, 07043. It was the yellow house withred shutters at the end of the cul-de-sac. There was a giant oak tree on one sideof the walkway and a small dogwood surrounded by blue vinca on the other. In thespring, there were more than 50 daffodils blooming around the dogwood to let usknow winter was officially over. My mom always said that daffodils were thetrumpeters of spring. We moved when I was eleven. I had just finishedfifth grade with the best friends I thought I would ever find. Since I couldnthelp too much with the packing, I just watched as my childhood was stuffed intohuge brown boxes. I cried a lot during the two weeks it took for us to move. Anew house meant losing everything that made us the Bakums. Where would we storethe holiday decorations if they werent in their designated basement closet?Where were we going to hang the bulletin boards of photographs if they didnt fitin the new kitchen? How could I run, unharmed by witches at the bottom of thestairs, to my parents room at night if their room was farther away? Movingseemed impossible to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Windemere Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We fit so perfectly into this house; there was no way wecould live comfortably if we werent living in 32 Windemere Road. Since wemoved to Connecticut, I have lived in three houses. My dads new job turned outto be a disappointment ending in unemployment. As a result, we had to move out ofour first house and into two rentals, while Dad went back to work in New York. Wehavent lived together as a family in seven years. Since our belongings have beenin storage for the past three years, I havent seen many of my things for a longtime. On the surface, it seemed that everything I thought had made my life happy- the house, the decorations, the material possessions weregone. Sometimes at night, I close my eyes and picture myself in my oldroom with my old furniture, living my old life. I miss that time when my familydidnt worry where we were going to live or how we were going to eat. I miss mydad coming home at night. I miss playing with my sister in our own yard under theoak tree. I miss the blooming daffodils in April. Sometimes I feel sad when Ithink of that time in my life, and other times I feel grateful that I have thosememories. Thirty-two Windemere Road will always represent the peacefullife I know my family will find again someday. In the meantime, though, I havelearned to find happiness in other places. I cherish every Friday night when mydad comes home from the city and every moment I spend with him, because they areso few. I cherish my parents, who love each other and who love me. Mostimportant, I cherish my moms amazing ability to make every house feel like theone in Montclair. I open my eyes and see that while I have left myMontclair life behind, what really made my life wonderful have simplymoved to a new location.

Free Essays on Be Your Self

"if it floats his boat then let him row."... Free Essays on Be Your Self Free Essays on Be Your Self I don't see what the problem with people excepting the fact that people have the right of freedom of choice although they may not like what the person is choosing. Although it's not ethical for alot of people it is widely spreading across the world. People from all ethnicities becoming more open about their sexuality. Gays now as suppose to the early days are given more equality within the workplace and in society. Being a homosexual should not limit your way of life due to partiality of sexuality or moral belief. Like a lot of people I was a skeptical about homosexuality to it hit home and I got the full understanding why they chose that way of life. I asked my uncle what made him choose homosexuality and the only thing that he told me was " I didn't choose to be gay it chose me" I didn't get it but in his words he explained that he fells comfortable in the presence of male and that the love all people look for he desired in a man although confusing I would say in my own words " if it floats his boat then let him row."...

Coronary artery disease prevention screening Essay

Coronary artery disease prevention screening - Essay Example The symptoms can stay in the body of a person for more than five years without him or her noticing. This technique measures the work that is performed by the heart through driving the flow of blood all over the body. If the blood pressure is high, then one is at a higher chance of getting stroke and heart disease, kidney failure, or arteries could be hardened thus leading to coronary artery disease. Therefore, systems to offer constant surveillance and to help patients in upholding blood pressure control over a period are critical to decreasing morbidity and mortality (Sudano et al., 2010). The enhanced use of evidence-based methods for managing hypertension and the growth of focused care management curriculums that encourage collaborative care have the perspective to increase enormously control rates. This method has been seen to achieve the best control measures hence reducing the occurrence of CAD. Furthermore, lifestyle counselling, home monitoring, and proper medication management, especially in the context of a structured, evidence-based method for long-term governing, constitute a robust tool for effective management of hypertension and enhanced health results for the hypertensive patients (Health, 2015). Sudano, I., Flammer, A. J., Periat, D., Enseleit, F., Hermann, M., Wolfrum, M., †¦ Ruschitzka, F. (2010). Acetaminophen Increases Blood Pressure in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation.

Management in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Management in Organisations - Essay Example Culture can be explained as the values, norms, beliefs and behaviours manifested by the employees and the management (Schein 1993). Subculture on the other hand refers to groups within an organisation with similar ideas and ways of doing things. A strong organisational culture has considerable benefits to the organisation although it can be a liability since it hinders flexibility in adapting to changes. Organisation culture and subcultures play an important role in organisations and they work best when they are maintained and at the same time aligned according to the changes in the dynamic business environment. Subcultures allow the organisations to respond appropriately to the situation at hand without destroying internal consistency (Schein 1993). They provide flexibility that a rigid culture may inhibit. It is interesting to note that organisations with an effective overall culture prevent the emergence of subcultures. Recent studies have shown that subcultures detract from sturd y organisational cultures. This leads to the conclusion that subcultures possess specific aspects that can enhance the entire organisation culture. Subcultures differ in the levels at which they interrupt the arching culture in an organisation. They often result in response to varying demands and act as outlets for the staff to express opposition and presence of conflicts arising during unstable periods. They also offer a system of changing the less fundamental values in an organisation. They are important with respect to affecting key values since they illustrate the difficulties encountered in trying to transform organisational culture. There are different perspectives and theories of culture in various disciplines that have been applied in organisational studies (Bradley and Pridmore 2006). These theories are mainly based on sociology and anthropology and they have contributed to the development of theories in the education field as well. Sociology takes a functionalist perspecti ve that interprets culture as something an organisation owns. On the other hand, anthropology takes an intreprevist perspective and describes culture as a symbol for organisations (views organisations as being cultures). In spite of the varying perspectives of organisational culture, common grounds exist on various areas. The most common organisation culture theory is that by Edgar Schein (1988). Edgar H. Schein’s Model of Organisational Culture This is the most commonly used theory in organisational culture. It takes a functionalist perspective in describing culture. According to this approach, culture is explained as a model of basic assumptions formulated and developed by a group of people as it discovers how to cope with its problems. These problems occur in integration and external adaptation that has proven its effectiveness and is taught to any newcomers in the organisation as the best way to act, perceive and feel in relation to their work and other happenings (Jones, Cline and Ryan 2007). According to this perspective, cultural examination is important when handling aspects in organisation that are found to be delicate, embarrassing, intractable or frustrating. The truth is that if the leaders are not well versed with the cultures in which they operate, then culture steps in to manage them as explained by Miller (2008). This theory also states that members in an organisation may fit in subcultures. In Schein’

Research Methodology Chapter: Communication Research

Research Methodology Chapter: Communication Research One communication-related aspect of the engagement debate concerns the fundamental nature of engagement and whether it can be considered an attitude, a psychological or motivational state, or a personality trait. The nature of engagement is a significant issue for corporate communicators since they are well-placed to influence workplace attitudes and stimulate employee motivation. Kahn (1990) presents engagement as a three-component construct influenced by three psychological states. Robinson et al. (2004) define the concept as a positive attitude. Conversely, Saks (2006) argues that engagement is not an attitude but a psychological state, while others (Sparrow and Balain, 2010) believe that engagement is an attitude. Macey and Schneider (2008a) regard engagement as a complex network encompassing trait, state, and behavioural constructs. Kahn (2010) contrasts his conception of dynamic engagement with steady-state (trait) views of motivation. Kahn describes engagement as both delicate and fragile, and quite resilient. So, Kahns view of engagement exhibits a mixture of attitudinal-type states together with more fixed steady-state predisposition traits. This complex state and trait view of engagement is useful for communicators since it highlights a need for employee communication to understand and serve internal stakeholders core (trait) communication needs, as well as surface (state and attitude) communication needs. Moreover, internal communication represents one of the organisational conditions that facilitate engagement. Pugh and Dietz (2008) consider leadership as a precursor of organisation engagement and organisational effectiveness as a consequence. The communication abilities of leadership teams are recognised as important in driving engagement (Wiley et al., 2010). Communication has been identified also as an underlying factor associated with employee engagement (Kahn, 1992). Likewise, MacLeod and Clarke (2009) highlight communication as a critical factor for enhancing performance through employee engagement. They argue that good quality internal communication enhances engagement as they emphasise that employees need clear communication from senior management to understand how their own roles fit with the organisation vision. Unsurprisingly, they cite poor communication as a barrier to engagement and a cause of disengagement. However, contributions from the professionals on communication disciplines are surprisingly meager given that internal communication is an organisational level interventio n which can positively impact employee engagement. Internal communication in any organisation has been stated to have a correlation with employee feeling of self-satisfaction and their productivity (Clampitt and Downs, 1992). High communication effectiveness is linked to better financial performance and organizational stability (Internal communication effectiveness enhances bottom-line results, journal of organizational excellence, Summer 2006, pp 71-71) Van Riel (1998, pp. 8-27) gives an overview of the elements of corporate communication as all the communication within an organisation, such as managerial communication, organisational communication, and marketing communication. This informs the employees willingness to meet the strategic mission, vision, and objectives of the organisation which creates a competitive advantage of the organisation. Research Design This section will discuss the research framework proposed for use in this study. This methodological framework is influenced by the research onion model develop by Saunders (2012) pp 128 which include general information regarding the research design and strategy, method of data collection, measurement of variable and data analysis as well as evaluate the credibility and validity of the study. There would be an examination of merits and demerits of the chosen methods use in this study, a consideration of ethical issues, as a result, the limitations. Research Design Available literature considers basically five different approaches ranging from experimental, case study, longitudinal, cross-sectional to comparative design (Bryman and Bell, 2011; Saunders et al, 2009). In view of the aim of this research, there will be a combination of approaches also known as a mixed method in the investigation of the research theme (Saunders et al, 2009). Also, a set of quantifiable data will be collected to help establish the relationship between two or more variables (Bryman and Bell, 2011). Research Strategy The strategy to be adopted for this research will be quantitative in nature, this is because will be formulation and testing of hypotheses which are tentative suppositions or proposed explanations made based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation which on the face of empirical evidence could hold true or false and as such be graduated to be theory or otherwise. According to Saunders et al, (2009) quantitative research is a strategy that lay emphasis on quantification in data collection and analysis that provides solid scientific fact of knowledge on the basis of positivism. Furthermore, Bryman and Bell, (2011) suggested that the application of a quantitative research strategy has the latent for statistical generalization as against qualitative research employed in many social and natural sciences academic disciplines which are more descriptive. This method of approach, therefore, is more useful to achieve the set aims and objectives of this research stated herein. Data Collection There will be the use of both primary and secondary data collection sources to collect appropriate and relevant data that will enable credible, complete and valid conclusions in accordance with the aims and objectives of the research. Primary data will include the conduct of interview of some members of the management team of the case study organisation and a questionnaire of other concerned employees. The use of these two methods is hoped to balance some of the limitations inherent in each. In addition, this research will use the content analysis approach which is a strategy for the review and analysis of relevant secondary documents from Abellio. Data Analysis All data collected for the purpose of this research will be careful analysis and tested against the theories with the aid of IBM SPSS statistical program. IBM SPSS Statistics is an integrated software product that addresses the entire analytical process, from planning to data collection to analysis, reporting, and deployment (Gaskin, J, 2012). It provides a range of statistical procedures suitable for many problems, including crosstabs, linear regression, Monte Carlo simulation, geospatial analytics, and the ability to extend built-in capabilities with Python, R, or Java code (IBM.com). I have opted for IBM SPSS statistical program for its effectiveness in data analysis and presentation quality of custom tables to help users and analysts to interpret data which could then be tested against the theoretical statements that could, in turn, lead to further generalisation statements (Bryman and Bell, 2011). Limitations of Study The following limitations are anticipated: 1. Data collected is based on interviews and questionnaires administered and as such respondents may not give the actual situation for fear that management of reprisal action against them 2. The data collected by the observation technique may be very limited. 3. The case study organisation has a large number of employees consequently, only one hundred of the affected will be sampled through the rank and file. 4. Equally important is the problem of time as the research will only be conducted within given three-month period. Frankenstein | Analysis Frankenstein | Analysis Frankenstein was a man whose ambition led to a disaster; and his actions led to evil. These are outcomes for which he is solely responsible. Is Frankenstein an innocent? In my opinion, he was not an innocent. The meaning of innocent is to free from evil or guilt. The word Frankenstein is defined in the Encarta dictionary as a creator of something that causes ruin or dest ruction, or brings about a personal downfall, this shows that his name was quite well suited. A common quotation is that One is innocent until proved guilty, If this quotation is applied to Victor Frankenstein, he would be innocent, however my argument is that he was not innocent, it was his fault his family suffered, he brought on his own destruction and was responsible for creating a human, which was morally and contextually incorrect; He would be innocent for allowing the murders of William, Justine, Elizabeth and Clerval to take place. It may be true that Frankenstein did not physically murder, however, he is the main cause, and the reason they died. Frankenstein never admitted to his families what he had done; he never took responsibility for his actions. The so called monster murdered for companionship, not to seek revenge from his victims, but to seek revenge from Frankenstein. The circumstances forced Frankensteins monster to do so, Victor was the instigator of these circumstances. My first thought was to discover what I knew of the murderer and cause instant pursuit to be made. But I paused when I reflected on the story I had to tell, this shows that Victor had the knowledge that he was the reason William was dead. He said my first thought, showing the clearness of his knowledge and that this thought had been lingering in his mind, he knew what he was doing. Frankenstein didnt need to know about the murderer, because he indirectly was the murderer, through the circumstances he created for the monster, as I mentioned briefly before. Which is why he paused half way through his thought and realised he was exactly who the murderer was, even though he blamed the creature. Frankensteins reason for creating the creature was his interest in his studies, which led him to the idea of bettering mankind. Victor thought he was doing a service to humanity by creating a new human. A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. I might in process of time (although I now found it impossible) renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption. This quote shows his ego behind these plans. He wanted to conquer death, something the average human could not do. He wanted this creature to revere him highly by as he was supposedly beautiful and perfect creature. According to him, it may have been acceptable to play the role of god; maybe his being a scientist is why he didnt think of what was morally correct, and he didnt think of how the society would react to his actions. However, having said that, he didnt admit his doings to his family, perhaps he knew they wouldnt accept it, or the deaths in the family could have a higher weightage in terms of being more important than letting his parents know the truth. If they did know the truth, they wouldnt be happy with him creating the creature. The quote does show that right from the start, Victor had an idea of how he would somewhat be stepping into the shoes of a godlike figure, he outlines the fact that he would be superior, and he would have the power to renew the dead. This proves that he had no innocence, or naivety in terms of knowing precisely what he was doing and what it would lead to. I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on. Is what the creature says after being shunned, on the basis of aesthetics. This shows his faults, and how he was wrong to shun the creature. He may have shunned it because he already conquered death, so in his view, he may have already obtained the status of god, or a superior power, something no one had achieved. He didnt think about anything past the ugliness of the creature, or his personal benefits. His selfishness is what ultimately destroyed him and others as well. The creature he created is more like a project to Frankenstein, his aim is to conquer death, and once he has done so, the project is over. Not once does he consider the fact that he has simply given birth to a new human being, with feelings and emotion, a live creature who has to be taught the ways of life as if it is a baby. Frankensteins abandonment of the creature is another factor that proves him guilty, and not an innocent, as shown in the quote I previously mentioned, with the creatures emotions towards being shunned. Its his own fault that the creature comes back saying I may die; but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. Beware; for I am fearless, and therefore powerful. The creature was deprived of the companionship, which he could only get from his creator. The creature figures that the only way he can get some attention, is by threatening his creator. This could be compared to a situation with a child and a parent. Frankenstein is somewhat the parent of his creature. His job is to nurture him, but because of his own ego, he runs away. If it were a parent and a child, the child would be defenceless because it hasnt even developed physically, however the creature is an example where he is an uneducated child, with a higher physical strength. Frankensteins creature thinks through intuition, as any child who hasnt learnt anything would do. He doesnt know whats right and wrong, so he doesnt know its wrong to threaten; he doesnt know its wrong to kill. Blaming him is like blaming a child for breaking a valuable, such as a vase. You cant blame the child because their knowledge hasnt developed, they havent yet learnt. However in the childs case, after making such a mistake, the child would be taught not to do so again, creating a basis of how it is wrong, this does not take place for the creature. It could be argued that the creature shou ld know through Victors fear, but does a child learn anything when it senses fear? No, it anything, it will only learn to keep intimidating. Frankensteins faults of his creation, or you could say his faults in parenting, were completely his responsibility. Frankensteins creature is described as having dark black hair, yellow skin, black lips and eyes sunk into his sockets (Shelly 56). Its quite ironic that Frankenstein feared his own creation, he is the one who hand-picked the features his so called perfect man would have. For him to say breathless horror and disgust filled my heart(56), towards a creation of his own, just shows his tendency towards aesthetics, and how backward he is in terms of being accepting, yet how forward he is in terms of doing something new. He is responsible for the way the creature turned out. This once more, proves his irresponsibility, and his view to the creation as a project. His attitude towards the creature is why he was incapable of acting the right way. He wasnt serious enough, or perhaps he wasnt ready to face negative consequences, seeing as he was a perfectionist. The background Frankenstein created in terms of nurture is what caused his creature to murder. Victor admitted to creating the monster, but he denied that he drove the monster to commit murder. He wouldnt admit to anyone; not himself, not his family, that he was the one who allowed the murders to take place. He allowed Clerval, his wife Elizabeth, his brother William and Justines death to take place because he didnt take the blame for his actions. If he had admitted to his actions earlier, less deaths would have been caused, if he had been responsible, and given the creature what it needed, he would not be guilty of four murders. In the end, Frankenstein was at loss of everything close to him, he blamed the monster, but it was his fault. He had a faint idea that it was his fault, although no one could possibly be able to admit to murdering the people close to them. The only way he could be innocent, is for not literally taking a knife and stabbing his relatives. However the pain he got from his creature was his own fault. Innocence lies in having no sense of guilt for any action of yours, this, Victor did clearly not have. The creature couldnt stop himself from destroying Victor, because Victor couldnt stop himself from creating the creature. The creature was an innocent; it only reacted to the actions of society. Victor was guilty in every way. Arrhythmogenic Right Venticular Dysplasia | Case Report Arrhythmogenic Right Venticular Dysplasia | Case Report Arrhythmogenic Right Venticular Dysplasia – A Rare case report from tribal zone of Central India Dr. Prakash Khunte, Dr. P. Beck, Dr. K. Yadav ABSTRACT Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is under diagnosed cardiomyopathy which commonly presents in young adults with ventricular tachycardia or sudden death. It is characterized pathologically by progressive fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, primarily of the right ventricular free wall. Clinically, it presents with life-threatening malignant ventricular arrhythmias which may lead to sudden death, most often in young people and athletes. ARVD/C is difficult to diagnose, although standardized diagnostic criteria have been proposed, based on the presence of major and minor criteria encompassing electrocardiographic, arrhythmic, morphofunctional, histopathologic, and genetic factors. Case report A 30 year male patient named Heeralal Diwakar R/o Baloda Bazar (C.G.) was admitted in department of Medicine, Intensive cardiac Coronary Unit at Pt. J. N. M. Medical College Dr .B.R.A.M. Hospital Raipur with the complain of palpitation ,dizziness, dyspnoea on exertion and left sided chest pain, cough with expectorant distension of abdomen since 8 days.patient having severe palpitation and dizziness in recent hours. Patients having similar complain and admitted two time in hospital in last two year and patient had episode of PSVT and had given DC shock and patient on aspirin,amidaron,metoprolol. There is no family history of sudden cardiac death and any heart disease. Patient was former by occupation and having addiction to tobacco and occasionally alcoholic. On admission patient on general examination pulse -100/min regular.blood pressure was 100/70 mmhg, height -161 cm,weight 58 kg,BMI- 22.39,Iteric ,no cyanosis, oedema were present .on systemic examination bilateral crepitatition present in infrascapular area ,apex beat present on 5 th intercosta space on midclavicular lines,s1 soft.s2 present,s3,s4 absent .No thrill ,murmur,parasternal heave were present. On investigation E.C.G. ST segment elevation seen in lead II,III,aVf, ST segment depression in lead I,Avl,Twave inversion in v1-v6, epsilon wave in V1-v3. Troponin card test was positive and patient diagnosed as acute inferior wall Myocardial Infraction with congestive cardiac failure. Other investigation were random blood sugar was 120 mg/dl, urea 90 mg/dl, creatinine 2 mg/dl,s.billirubin 3.7 mg/dl , direct billirubin 2.3 mg/dl,S.G.O.T S.G.P.T were high,alkaline phosphatase 12877 mg/dl ,sodium 130 mg/dl, potassium 4.9 mg/dl.s. protein 7 g/dl,serum albumin 4 gm/dl,s. cholesterol 114 mg/dl, triglyceride 64 mg/dl,LDL 84 MG/DL,VLDL 13 mg/dl,HDL-17 mg/dl. TLC count were 34000/cumm,Hb 14.5 gm/dl, platelet 222000 /cumm X ray chest cardiomegaly was present. On echocardiography Right ventricle dilated ,RV wall thickness 4 mm. Right Atrium dilated, severe non hypertensive TR , Right ventricle thinned out ,normal LV systolic function suggestive of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Patient was advised to continue amiodarone ,aspirin ramipril and has been asymptomatic ever since. DISCUSSION The name arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia(ARVD) was coined for the first time in 1978 by Frankand Fontaine. Arrythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a cardiomyopathy characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement primarily of the RV and clinically by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in apparently healthy young people. The prevalence of the disease has been estimated at 1 in 5,000 individuals, although this estimate will likely increase as awareness of the condition increases among physicians. Arrythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy is recognized as a cause of sudden death during athletic activity because of its association with ventricular arrhythmias that are provoked by exercise-induced catecholamine discharge. Diagnosis may be difficult because many of the electrocardiographic abnormalities mimic patterns seen in normal children, and the disease often involves only patchy areas of the RV. he prevalence of ARVC in the general population is approximately 1 in 5,000 , but the disease is not widely recognized because of the difficulty in making the diagnosis . A familial predilection of the disease has been recognized since 1982 when Marcus et al. described 24 cases of ARVC, two in the same family. Subsequently, several groups have reported familial ARVC, and families with two or more affected individuals have been recognized in Asian, Japanese, Northern European, African and North American populations . Genectics The disease is typically inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance and incomplete expression. The genes responsible for ARVC have not been identified, but seven loci have been mapped to chromosomes 14 (14q23 to q24 and 14q12 to q22), 1 (1q42 to q43), 2 (2q32.1 to q32.2), 3 (3p23) and 10 (10p12 to p14) . The genetic products of these sites have not been easily identified because of incomplete penetrance and expression, age-related expression and difficulties with accurate diagnosis of the disease. Recently, plakoglobin has been identified as the first gene responsible for autosomal recessive ARVC . The gene was identified in Naxos disease where greater than 90% cosegregation of ARVC with cutaneous manifestations, woolly hair and keratodermia, facilitated case identification. Plakoglobin participates in forming cell-to-cell junctions. It is postulated that inadequate cell adherence damages the cardiac cell membranes leading to cell death and fibrofatty replaceme nt. The cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RyR2) has also recently been implicated in ARVC and offers potential insight into the association of adrenergically mediated ventricular arrhythmias with this disease. The ryanodine receptor induces calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol . The cardiac ryanodine receptor has also been identified as being responsible for catecholamine-induced ventricular tachycardia . Its skeletal muscle counterpart has been implicated in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease , a congenital myopathy, but the mechanisms by which mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor might mediate fibrofatty myocardial changes are not clear and will likely be the focus of future studies. Despite these advances, genetic analysis for ARVD is not clinically available and is restricted to research laboratories. Histopathology Characteristically, the RV in ARVC is replaced with a fibrofatty tissue. Morphologic alterations of ARVC usually begin in the subepicardium or mediomural layers of the RV and progress to the endocardium with fibrofatty replacement of myocytes and thinning of the wall. The regions of RV most frequently involved are the RV inflow area, the apex and the infundibulum. These three areas form â€Å"the triangle of dysplasia† . However, small amounts of fat are present in the epicardial layer and within the RV myocardium in normal subjects. Etiology In addition to a genetic cause of ARVC, disontogenetic, degenerative, infectious or inflammatory ( apoptotic and myocyte transdifferentiation theories have been proposed either as the cause of or as environmental factors facilitating gene expression. The disontogenetic theory is largely historical but suggests that ARVC is a milder form of â€Å"parchment RV† or Uhl’s anomaly a congenital hypoplasia of the RV myocardium, which presents in infancy as congestive heart failure (CHF) . The degenerative theory suggests that ARVC is a consequence of myocyte death due to an inherited metabolic or ultrastructural defect. A possible defect has been mapped to chromosome l4q23 to q24 . This area encodes for the alpha actinin gene, which shares structural homology with the amino terminal domain of dystrophin. This finding supports the concept of a genetically determined atrophy similar to that in patients with Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy. Some have suggested that ARVC should be considered as a â€Å"myocardial dystrophy† Furthermore, skeletal muscle involvement has been reported in a Swedish family with ARVC, and the defect has been tentatively localized to chromosome 10q22.3 The infectious or inflammatory theory maintains that the disease results from previous myocarditis. Inflammatory infiltrates are common in histologic specimens from patients with ARVC ECG The ECG in patients with ARVD/C usuallyshows sinus rhythm, QRS duration 110 ms in lead V1, a terminal deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ection within or at the end of the QRS complex (called epsilon wave) in leads V1–V3 (30% of patients), and inversion of T waves in the right precordial leads (50%–70% of patients). Complete right bundle branch block is found in approximately 15% of patients and incomplete right bundle branch block in 18% of patients with ARVD/C. In the presence of right bundle branch block pattern, selective prolongation of the QRS duration in leads V1–V3 compared with lead V6 (25 ms, parietal block) is an important hallmark of ARVD/C. . Additional ECG markers have been reported, such as the ratio of QRS duration in leads V1V2V3 vs V4V5V6 >1.2 and a prolonged S wave upstroke in V1–V3 >55 ms in the absence of right bundle branch block. Arrhythmia Left bundle branch block type VT on ECG, Holter monitoring, or during exercise testing Extrasystoles of more than 200 over a 24-h period. Echocardiography mild to Severe dilatation and reduction of right ventricular ejection fraction with no (or only mild) left ventricular impairment Localised right ventricular aneurysms (akinetic or dyskinetic areas with diastolic bulging) Severe segmental dilatation of the right ventricle. Radioisotope techniques Radionuclide angiography, by showing abnormal right ventricular function with left ventricular involvement, is usefulfor predicting subsequent cardiac death in ARVD/C.Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy allows noninvasive assessment of right ventricular damage in patients with arrhythmias due to ARVD/C This technique may distinguish patients with ARVD/C from those with idiopathic right ventricular outà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow tract tachycardias Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging This modality allows visualization of the right ventricle, not only anatomically and morphologically but also in functional and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow dynamic terms. Functional ab normalities consist of right ventricular aneurysms, regional thinning, right ventricular dilation, failure of systolic thickening, and impaired global and diastolic right ventricularfunction. Clinical presentation The clinical presentation varies widely because ARVD/C includes a spectrum of different conditions rather than a single identity. Different pathologic processes may manifest a diversity of symptoms, such as fatigue, atypical chest pain, syncope, or acute coronary syndrome .ARVD/C is a disease that may have a temporal progression, and the disease may present differently according to the time of presentation There may be (1) a symptomatic form with transient or sustained ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block configuration, although right bundle branch block configuration also can be observed; (2) an asymptomatic form consisting of ventricular ectopic beats (1,000/24 hours); (3) right ventricular failure with or without arrhyth mias; and (4) a masked form in which sudden death, usuallyduring exercise, is the first clinical presentation. Overall, judging the accurate position of the patient on the time scale of the spectrum is difficult, and some patients may remain stable for several decades. Diagnosis A definite diagnosis of ARVD/C is based on histologic demonstration of transmural fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium at either autopsy or surgery. In 1994, McKenna et al established the criteria for diagnosing ARVD/C in a Task Force report on ARVD/C Criteria for Diagnosis of ARVD/C 1. Family history Major Familial disease confirmed at necropsy or surgery. Minor Family history of premature sudden death (,35 years of age) due to  suspected ARVD/C. Family history (clinical diagnosis based on present criteria). 2. ECG depolarization/conduction abnormalities Major Epsilon waves or localized prolongation (.110 ms) of QRS complex in  right precordial leads (V1–V3). Minor Late potentials on signal-averaged ECG. 3. ECG repolarization abnormalities Minor Inverted T waves in right precordial leads (V2 and V3) in people. 12  years of age and in absence of right bundle branch block. 4. Arrhythmias Minor Sustained or nonsustained left bundle branch block–type ventricular  tachycardia documented on ECG or Holter monitoring or during  exercise testing. Frequent ventricular extrasystoles (.1000/24 h on Holter monitoring). 5. Global or regional dysfunction and structural alterations* Major Severe dilatation and reduction of RV ejection fraction with no or mild  LV involvement. Localized RV aneurysms (akinetic or dyskinetic areas with diastolic  bulgings). Severe segmental dilatation of RV.   Minor Mild global RV dilatation or ejection fraction reduction with normal LV. Mild segmental dilatation of RV. Regional RV hypokinesia. 6. Tissue characteristics of walls Major Fibrofatty replacement of myocardium on endomyocardial biopsy. *Detected by echocardiography, angiography, magnetic resonance imaging,  or radionuclide scintigraphy. Modified from McKenna et al. Therapy Because clinical findings that predict long-term outcomeof patients with ARVD/C are incompletely known, no precise guidelines exist to select patients who should be treated with b-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, or a Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. r. Management of patients with ARVD/C is individualized, and strategies are based on local experience of the different centers. References Siddiq I. Khalil), Amjad Kamal, Shakeel Ahmad Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Almana General Hospital, PO Box 10366,Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Echocardiography (2004) 5, 394e398. Carol Gemayel, MD*; Antonio Pelliccia, MD† ; Paul D Thompson, MD J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(7):1773-1781.doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01654-0. Cristina Basso, Domenico Corrado, Frank I Marcus, Andrea Nava, Gaetano Thiene Lancet 2009; 373: 1289–1300 University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy. Philippine Kià ¨s, MD, Marianne Bootsma, MD, PhD, Jeroen Bax, MD, PhD,  Martin J. Schalij, MD, PhD, Ernst E. van der Wall, MD, PhD Heart Rhythm, Vol 3, No 2, February 2006,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Domenico Corrado, Guy Fontaine, Frank I. Marcus, William J. McKenna, Andrea Nava, Gaetano Thiene and Thomas Wichter, Circulation. 2000;101:e101-e106, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.101.11.e101 Frank R, Fontaine G. Electrocardiologie de quatre cas de dysplasia ventriculaire droite arythmogene. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1978;71:963–972. Rampazzo A, Nova A, Malacrida S, Beffagua G, Bauce B, Rossi V, et al. Mutation in human desmoplakin domain binding to plakoglobin causes a dominant form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2002;71(5):1200e6 Bauce B, Rampazzo A, Basso C, Bagattin A, Daliento L, Tiso N, et al. Screening of ryanodine receptor type 2 mutations in families with effort induced polymorphic ventricular rhythmias and sudden death: early diagnosis of asymptomatic carrier. JACC 2002;40(2):341e9.

The Truman Show Essay example -- Papers

'The Truman Show' is the story of a baby who is bought by a television company at birth. He becomes the star of the television programme, but he has no idea that his life is being filmed. All the people in his life, such as his wife, best friend, and colleagues are actors. There are no set scripts. There are three different worlds shown in the film: Truman's world, the producer's world, and the real world when we see the viewers watching the programme in the homes. The film starts when Truman is twenty-nine. We see him begin to become suspicious, by odd occurrences, such as a light falling from the sky, the way his friends and family advertise things, and people that accidentally get on the show and tell him things. Truman has always wanted to travel, but obviously he can't because the set of 'The Truman Show' is only one town. He saw his father 'die' whilst they were sailing together, and the fictional director of 'The Truman Show' did this so Truman would be thalassophobic, and wouldn't want to travel that way. Eventually he wants to get out of the town because of all these suspicions, and he gets delayed for ages trying to go by car. He plucks up the courage to go by boat and after sailing for a while he hits a backdrop with clouds painted on it. Christof's voice is heard and he speaks to Truman, though he can't be seen. He tries to persuade Truman to stay in the world he created for him, and tells him that he is the star of a television show. Truman finds a door, and after some conversing with Christof, he leaves. The director's intentions ------------------------- Peter Weir was the director of the film, 'The Tru... ...ch as a busy pub all watching, the two old ladies, the security guards, the man in the bath, and Sylvia. We also see shots from the producers control room, so in this last sequence we see from all of the three worlds that we se at different stages in the film. Up until now, the different worlds are shown, but they're quite spaced out in the film. In this last sequence, we see them a lot more regularly, instead of just Truman's. It almost seems that we see from the audience more to show that Truman is going to be in that world soon. People from the different worlds are coming together, because Truman's left, and the production team will all be out of jobs. This is important because there is a lot in the film saying that the real world is a bad place, but in the end it's where we all come from, and where we all belong.

A Comparison of Four Literary Works Essay

Great writing does not necessarily make a great work of literature. More often than not, there has to be something special about a writer’s work of art. This could be also considered their trademarks, signatures that had set them on canonical status. Shakespeare has his soliloquies, Hawthorne attacks the Puritans, Hemmingway uses symbols, Borges possesses fondness for infinity, and the list goes on. However, there could be some similarities between these literary signatures of writers. It is important to take note that having similarities does not render a writer less special than others. What is remarkable about the works sharing similarities in their trademarks is that they all express a common concern—concerns that could be considered as major issues in the society. The selected works had all talked about women and social status.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The literary works that this paper would feature are Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark†, Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Goodman Is Hard To Find†, William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, and James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† had shown us how the male-dominated society perceives women. In the narrative, there was a beautiful woman named Georgiana. She was almost perfect, however, her most visible flaw was her hand-shaped birthmark on her cheek—thus the title. She was married to a scientist named Aylmer who is not pleased with Georgiana’s birthmark. Since he was a scientist, Aylmer conducted a procedure to supposedly fix his wife’s face. As a consequence of the Aylmer’s discontent, Georgiana died while under operation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hawthorne story tells us that women are commonly judged according to their physical appearance and not according to the beauty of their intellect and character. Moreover, the story suggested to us that the pride of the male specie is on of the main reason for the oppression of women in the society. It is very likely that Aylmer had treated his beautiful wife as a mere accessory to display to the public. As we could observe in the history of societies, husbands are judged according to their wives, and vice-versa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, women are presented in a rather disturbing manner. The story is basically about a former aristocrat woman who had kept the corpse of her beloved in her bedroom. That is not to mention that she is the one who killed her beloved and she had slept with the dead corpse—â€Å"slept†, with all the connotations of the word.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faulkner has this talent to disturb people with seemingly harmless countryside scenarios. But what is remarkable about this particular work is the depiction of how a woman could love a man. A woman’s version of love is a topic that is rarely touched throughout the long history of literature. â€Å"A Rose For Emily† tells us that a woman could love unconditionally even if their love is unrequited. Moreover, â€Å"A Rose For Emily† touches the topic of social status. In the story, Emily came from a family of aristocrat status. The object of her affection, Homer Barron, came from a common family. The difference in their social status had somehow prevented them from getting married. In addition to that, it is Emily’s social status that had made the townspeople treat her differently. On a different tone, Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Goodman Is Hard To Find† had depicted women and social status on a less favorable stance. The protagonist of the story was an annoying grandmother. The family in the story wanted to go to Florida, but the grandmother insisted that they go to Tennessee. The grandmother cited the news that there was a roaming criminal along the way to Florida just to scare off the family. On their way to Florida, the grandmother’s words became true that she and the family had actually encountered the criminal. As a ploy to save herself, the grandmother constantly tells the criminal sarcastic remarks like â€Å"you are a nice person.† With regards to social status, the criminal was aware that the grandmother was just pretending to treat him as a nice person. The criminal already knows what to expect from the society with regards to place of criminals within the social thread. The criminal knows that people like him would always be discriminated by people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is almost the same case for James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead.† The author had reiterated the notion that women are good at telling lies. The disturbing ending of the narrative tells the readers that Gretta, the wife of the protagonist (Gabriel), was deeply in love with someone who already died. The conflict was she was already married with an insecure man. The ending of the story shows us how Gretta’s action of not telling her husband her past had such a tragic impact on his insecurities. On the note of social status, Gabriel’s insecurities were highlighted during the gathering, where most of the plot had developed. His insecurities were most rooted from his social status. When he was interacting with people of higher social status, he would be insecure of his intellect, language, and physical appearance. There is a subtle hint in the story that social status has some effects on a person’s confidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, the recurring themes of women and social status could be roughly considered as clichà ©s. However, it is important to take into consideration that these issues should not be forgotten. It is just remarkable for these great writers to reiterate these issues that the society is seemingly eluding. Moreover, the recurrence of these themes tells us that the issues of women and social status are still unresolved by the society. Perhaps if people would read these stories, the society could come up with solutions to the problems at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I were made to choose a favorite among the feature stories, I would have to choose Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily.† Aside from its innovative use of point of view through the townspeople, the story touches themes that are both close to heart, like love, and socially relevant like social status. Works Cited Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. An Introduction to Literature. Ed. Joseph Terry. New York: Longman, 2001 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"The Birthmark†. Demas, C. Various, Mjf. Great American Short Stories: From Hawthorne to Hemingway.   Spark Educational Publishing: USA, 2004 Joyce, James.   Dubliners. Penguin Books: England, 1993 O’Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. NJ:   Rutgers University Press, 1993

The Effect Of Myth Of Society - 859 Words

The Effects of Myth of Society Without myths, society would be full of heathens and miscreants with no manners or virtues. Throughout history, myths have given people guidelines to live their lives by. If one considers the bible a myth, then you can clearly see how myth has given man the humane characteristics the human races possesses today. Another way that myths have guided man into what he is today is that before history was recorded, myths were used to recount tales of old. George Santayana is famous for stating, â€Å"Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it†. Myths have shaped the human race into what it is today by teaching them how to be a respectable human being and how to establish a flourishing society. Myth has always been the foundation of societies and many different cultures’ ways of life. Indian culture includes examples of such myths which instilled righteous virtues into the culture. The Mahabharata contains a myth named â€Å"The Virtue of Compassion† that speaks about the sky god Indra walking upon a bird in a dead tree. The bird refuses to leave, even though the tree is dead, because he has lived in the tree his whole life. Indra asks the bird: â€Å"‘Why don’t you leave this tree? It is almost completely dead.† But the parrot replied, ‘I cannot leave this tree. I was born here; for my entire life, this tree has given me a home, food to eat, and refuge from my enemies. How could I ever leave such a faithful friend?’† (Bierlein p. 156). Indra isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mythological Gender Profiling and the Women of Greece811 Words   |  4 PagesGreece In the myths of the Centauromachy and the Amazonomachy, the Greeks found a manuscript for moral and disciplinary guidance in their dealings with the women of the time. 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